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Islamic Republic of Pakistan

اسلامی جمہوریہ پاكستان (Urdu)

Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]

Banner of Pakistan

Banner

State insignia (Escutcheon) of Pakistan

State insignia

(Escutcheon)

Saying: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam

ایمان، اتحاد، نظم

"Confidence, Solidarity, Discipline"[2]

Song of devotion: Qaumī Tarānah

قَومی ترانہ

"The Public Song of devotion"

Span: 1 moment and 23 seconds.1:23

Land constrained by Pakistan displayed in dim green; land guaranteed yet not controlled displayed in light green

Land constrained by Pakistan displayed in dim green; land asserted yet not controlled displayed in light green

Capital Islamabad

33°41′30″N 73°03′00″E

Biggest city Karachi

24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E

Official dialects

UrduEnglish[a]

Local languages Over 77 languages[4]

Ethnic groups See underneath

Religion

96.5% Islam (official)[5]

2.1% Hinduism

1.3% Christianity

0.1% other

Demonym(s) Pakistani

Government Federal Islamic parliamentary republic

• President

Arif Alvi

• State leader

Anwaar ul Haq Kakar (overseer)

• Executive of the Senate

Sadiq Sanjrani

• Speaker of the Public Get together

Raja Pervaiz Ashraf

• Boss Equity

Qazi Faez Isa

Legislature Parliament

• Upper house

Senate

• Lower house

Public Get together

Freedom from the Unified Realm

• Announcement

23 Walk 1940

• Perceived territory

14 August 1947

• Republic

23 Walk 1956

• Last region's procurement

8 December 1958

• Eastern domain removed

16 December 1971

• Current constitution

14 August 1973

Region

• Complete

881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)[b][7] (33rd)

• Water (%)

2.86

Populace

• 2023 registration

241,499,431[c]

• Thickness

273.8/km2 (709.1/sq mi) (56th)

Gross domestic product (PPP) 2023 gauge

• Absolute

Increment $1.568 trillion[9] (24th)

• Per capita

Increment $6,773[9] (138th)

Gross domestic product (nominal) 2023 gauge

• Absolute

Decline $340.636 billion[9] (46th)

• Per capita

Decline $1,471[9] (161st)

Gini (2018) Positive abatement 31.6[10]

medium

HDI (2022) Increase 0.544[11]

low · 161st

Currency Pakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)

Time zone UTC+05:00 (PKT)

DST isn't noticed

Date design

dd-mm-yyyy[d]

Driving side left[12]

Calling code +92

ISO 3166 code PK

Web TLD

.pk

پاکستان.

You might require delivering backing to accurately show the Urdu text in this article.

Pakistan,[e] formally the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,[f] is a country in South Asia. It is the fifth-most crowded country, with a populace of over 241.5 million, having the biggest Muslim populace as of 2023.[8] Islamabad is the country's capital, while Karachi is its biggest city and monetary focus. Pakistan is the 33rd-biggest country by region, being the second biggest in South Asia. Limited by the Bedouin Ocean on the south, the Inlet of Oman on the southwest, and the Sir River on the southeast, it imparts land boundaries to India toward the east; Afghanistan toward the west; Iran toward the southwest; and China toward the upper east. It imparts a sea line to Oman in the Bay of Oman, and is isolated from Tajikistan in the northwest by Afghanistan's limited Wakhan Passage.

Pakistan is the site of a few old societies, including the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh in Balochistan,[13] the Indus Valley civilisation of the Bronze Age,[14][15] and the old Gandhara civilisation.[16] The locales that contain the cutting edge province of Pakistan were the domain of numerous realms and traditions, including the Achaemenid, the Maurya, the Kushan, the Gupta;[17] the Umayyad Caliphate in its southern districts, the Samma, the Hindu Shahis, the Shah Miris, the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate, the Mughals,[18] and most as of late, the English Raj from 1858 to 1947.

Prodded by the Pakistan Development, which looked for a country for the Muslims of English India, and political race triumphs in 1946 by the All-India Muslim Association, Pakistan acquired freedom in 1947 after the Parcel of the English Indian Realm, which granted separate statehood to its Muslim-greater part locales and was joined by an unrivaled mass relocation and deficiency of life.[19] At first a Territory of the English Province, Pakistan authoritatively drafted its constitution in 1956, and arose as a pronounced Islamic republic. In 1971, the exclave of East Pakistan withdrew as the new nation of Bangladesh following a nine-drawn out nationwide conflict. In the accompanying forty years, Pakistan has been controlled by legislatures whose depictions, albeit complex, ordinarily switched back and forth among regular citizen and military, vote based and dictator, somewhat mainstream and Islamist.[20] Pakistan chose a non military personnel government in 2008, and in 2010 took on a parliamentary framework with occasional elections.[21]

Pakistan is a center power nation,[22][23][24][25][26][27] and has the world's 6th biggest standing military. It is a pronounced atomic weapons state, and is positioned among the arising and development driving economies,[28] with a huge and quickly developing center class.[29] Pakistan's political history since freedom has been portrayed by times of critical financial and military development as well as those of political and monetary shakiness. It is an ethnically and semantically different country, with comparably assorted topography and natural life. The nation keeps on confronting difficulties, including destitution, ignorance, debasement and terrorism.[30] Pakistan is an individual from the Unified Countries, the Shanghai Collaboration Association, the Association of Islamic Participation, the Federation of Countries, the South Asian Relationship for Provincial Collaboration, and the Islamic Military Counter-Psychological warfare Alliance, and is assigned as a significant non-NATO partner by the US.

Historical background

The name Pakistan was begat by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, a Pakistan Development lobbyist, who in January 1933 first distributed it (initially as "Pakstan") in a leaflet Now or Never, involving it as an acronym.[31] Rahmat Ali made sense of: "It is made out of letters taken from the names of every one of our countries, Indian and Asian, Panjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan." That's what he added "Pakistan is both a Persian and Urdu word... It implies the place that is known for the Paks, the profoundly unadulterated and clean."[32] Etymologists note that پاک pāk, is 'unadulterated' in Persian and Pashto[33] and the Persian addition ـستان - stan signifies 'land' or 'spot of'.[34][35][36][37]

Rahmat Ali's idea of Pakistan simply connected with the north-west region of the Indian subcontinent. He likewise proposed the name "Banglastan" for the Muslim areas of Bengal and "Osmanistan" for Hyderabad State, as well as a political organization between the three.[38][39]

History

Primary article: History of Pakistan

See too: Timetable of Pakistani history

Indus Valley Development

Minister Lord from Mohenjo-Daro (c. 2500 BCE)

The absolute earliest old human civilisations in South Asia began from regions enveloping present-day Pakistan.[40] The earliest known occupants in the area were Soanian during the Lower Paleolithic, of whom stone apparatuses have been found in the Soan Valley of Punjab.[41] The Indus district, which covers the greater part of present day Pakistan, was the site of a few progressive old societies including the Neolithic Mehrgarh[42] and the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilisation[43][44] (2,800-1,800 BCE) at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.[45]

Vedic Period

Standing Buddha from Gandhara (first second century CE)

The Vedic time frame (1500-500 BCE) was portrayed by an Indo-Aryan culture; during this period the Vedas, the most seasoned sacred writings related with Hinduism, were made, and this culture later turned out to be deep rooted in the region.[46] Old city of Multan was a critical social focal point of Indus valley human progress and a significant Hindu journey place, the city was established before 3000 BC era.[47] The Vedic development likewise thrived in the old Gandhāran city of Takṣaśilā(Taxila) alongside Purasupura (Peshawer) which was established around 600-1000 BCE.[48][42]

Old style Period

The western locales of Pakistan turned out to be essential for Achaemenid Realm around 519 BCE. In 326 BCE, Alexander the Incomparable vanquished the district by overcoming different neighborhood rulers, most quite, the Lord Porus, at Jhelum.[49] It was trailed by the Maurya Domain, established by Chandragupta Maurya and stretched out by Ashoka the Incomparable, until 185 BCE. The Indo-Greek Realm established by Demetrius of Bactria (180-165 BCE) included Gandhara and Punjab and arrived at its most prominent degree under Menander (165-150 BCE), flourishing the Greco-Buddhist culture in the region.[42][50] Taxila had perhaps of the earliest college and focuses of advanced education on the planet, which was laid out during the late Vedic period in the sixth century BCE.[51][52] The school comprised of a few cloisters without huge dorms or auditoriums where the strict guidance was given on an individualistic basis.[52] The old college was reported by the attacking powers of Alexander the Incomparable and was likewise kept by Chinese pioneers in the fourth or fifth century CE.[53]

At its pinnacle, the Rai line (489-632 CE) administered Sindh and the encompassing territories.[54]

Islamic victory

The Bedouin champion Muhammad ibn Qasim vanquished Sindh and a few locales of Punjab in 711 CE.[55][56] The Pakistan government's true sequence guarantees this as when the groundwork of Pakistan was laid[55][57] however the idea of Pakistan showed up in the nineteenth hundred years. The Early Middle age time frame (642-1219 CE) saw the spread of Islam in the area. During this period, Sufi ministers assumed an essential part in changing over a greater part of the territorial Buddhist and Hindu populace to Isla

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